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| known_for = Defenders of Human Rights Center | alma_mater = University of Tehran〔 | spouse = | parents = | children = | residence = London, England | nationality = Iranian | awards = Rafto Prize Nobel Peace Prize JPM Interfaith Award Legion of Honour | signature = Shirin Ebadi Signature.svg | signature_size = 100px | religion = Shia Islam }} Shirin Ebadi ( ''Širin Ebādi''; born 21 June 1947) is an Iranian lawyer, a former judge and human rights activist and founder of Defenders of Human Rights Center in Iran. On 10 October 2003, Ebadi was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for her significant and pioneering efforts for democracy and human rights, especially women's, children's, and refugee rights. She was the first ever Iranian to receive the prize. In 2009, Ebadi's award was allegedly confiscated by Iranian authorities, though this was later denied by the Iranian government. If true, she would be the first person in the history of the Nobel Prize whose award has been forcibly seized by state authorities.〔(Norway says Iran confiscated Ebadi's Nobel ) Reuters 27 November〕 Ebadi lived in Tehran, but she has been in exile in the UK since June 2009 due to the increase in persecution of Iranian citizens who are critical of the current regime.〔("Shirin Ebadi: The Activist in Exile" ) ''Newsweek'' 30 March 2010〕 In 2004, she was listed by ''Forbes'' magazine as one of the "100 most powerful women in the world".〔(Forbes.com: Forbes 100 Most Powerful Women in the World 2004 )〕 She is also included in a published list of the "100 most influential women of all time." ==Life and early career as a judge== Ebadi was born in Hamadan, Iran. Her father, Mohammad Ali Ebadi, was the city's chief notary public and a professor of commercial law. Her family moved to Tehran in 1948. She was admitted to the law department of the University of Tehran in 1965 and in 1969, upon graduation, passed the qualification exams to become a judge. After a six-month internship period, she officially became a judge in March 1969. She continued her studies in University of Tehran in the meantime to pursue a doctorate's degree in law in 1971. In 1975, she became the first woman president of the Tehran city court, and also the first ever woman judge in Iran. Following the Iranian revolution in 1979, conservative clerics insisted that Islam prohibits women from becoming judges and Ebadi was demoted to a secretarial position at the branch where she had previously presided. She and other female judges protested and were assigned to the slightly higher position of "law expert." She eventually requested early retirement as the situation remained unchanged. As her applications were repeatedly rejected, Ebadi was not able to practice as a lawyer until 1993, while she already had a law office permit. She used this free time to write books and many articles in Iranian periodicals.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Shirin Ebadi」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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